Hyperpigmentation refers to darkening of the skin due to excess melanin production and includes a number of manifestations such as sun damage, age spots, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, associated with conditions such as acne and eczema.
Melasma is a common skin disorder that typically presents as brownish blotchy pigmentation and broad patches on the face. It is associated with hormonal changes and sun exposure. Melasma affects women more than men, and it is more common in individuals of Asian and African descent.
Causes
Hyperpigmentation is primarily caused by hormonal changes, sun exposure, and genetic predisposition. Certain medications, tobacco smoke, exposure to heavy metals, and adrenal insufficiency can also be triggers. Melasma, a type of hyperpigmentation, is more common in women and is usually caused by hormonal changes seen in pregnancies and while taking birth
control.
